Oligo Purification

Oligo Reconstitution

Primer Design

Long Oligos

Modifications

Sample Oligo Report

Minor Bases

Duplex stability and, therefore, melting temperature can be raised using the modified bases. For replacement of dC with 5-Me-dC, duplex melting temperature is increased by 1.3 º. Improved stacking in this case is believed to be brought about by elimination of water molecules from the duplex. The additional hydrogen bond formed by substituting dA with 2-amino-dA leads to a melting temperature increase of 3º.P> The design of primers is frequently complicated by the degeneracy of the genetic code. Three strategies are now available to confront this problem. In the first, a mixed base addition (N) is used to form the degenerate site. This approach is best if the number of degenerate sites is small. A second option is the use of 2'-deoxyInosine or 2'-deoxyNebularine, which exhibit low, but unequal, hydrogen bonding to the other four bases. The third option is the use of a universal nucleoside. In this strategy, the base analog does not hybridize significantly to the other four bases and makes up some of the duplex destabilization by acting as an intercalating agent. 3-Nitropyrrole 2'-deoxynucleoside (M) is the first example of a set of universal bases. Subsequently, 5-nitroindole was determined to be an effective universal base and to be superior to 3-nitropyrrole, based on duplex melting experiments.

The modified bases designated P and K show considerable promise as degenerate bases. The pyrimidine derivative P, when introduced into oligonucleotides, base pairs with either A or G, while the purine derivative K base pairs with either C or T. A dP+dK mix also can serve as a mixed base with much less degeneracy than dA+dC+dG+dT (N).

A standard Watson and Crick base pair is formed between iso-C and iso-G, but the hydrogen bonding pattern is quite different from the natural base pairs A-T and C-G (The 5-methyl analogue was chosen as the synthetic target due to the reported instability of 2'-deoxyisocytidine caused by deamination during oligonucleotide synthesis or deprotection).

Modifications for Oligo Synthesis
Product	Catalog No.	50 nmol scale (XX=05)	200 nmol scale (XX=02)	1 mmol scale (XX=01)	2 mmol scale (XX=03)	10 mmol scale (XX=10)	15 mmol scale (XX=15)
2-Fluoro deoxy inosine dI (convertible dG)	26-6671	$360.00	$360.00	$468.00	$702.00	$3,744.00	$4,680.00
3'-rA (2'-5' linked)	26-6682	$88.40	$88.40	$114.92	$172.38	$919.36	$1,149.20
3’-rC (2’-5’ linked)	26-6911	$88.40	$88.40	$114.92	$172.38	$919.36	$1,149.20
3’-rG (2’-5’ linked)	26-6912	$88.40	$88.40	$114.92	$172.38	$919.36	$1,149.20
3’-rU (2’-5’ linked)	26-6913	$88.40	$88.40	$114.92	$172.38	$919.36	$1,149.20
4-Thio-Uridine	27-6445	$310.00	$310.00	$558.00	$669.60	$3,348.00	$5,580.00
5-bromo deoxycytosine (Br dC)	26-6411	$78.00	$78.00	$101.40	$152.10	$811.20	$1,014.00
5-bromo deoxyuridine (Br-dU)	26-6412	$78.00	$78.00	$101.40	$152.10	$811.20	$1,014.00
5-Iodo deoxycytosine dC	26-6414	$162.00	$162.00	$210.60	$315.90	$1,684.80	$2,106.00
5-iodo deoxyuridine dU	26-6415	$78.00	$78.00	$101.40	$152.10	$811.20	$1,014.00
5-methyl isodeoxycytosine (Me isodC)	26-6513	$130.00	$130.00	$169.00	$253.50	$1,352.00	$1,690.00
5-hydroxy dC	26-6701	$302.50	$302.50	$393.25	$453.75	$3,146.00	$3,932.50
5-hydroxy deoxyuridine (OH dU)	26-6695	$247.50	$247.50	$321.75	$482.62	$2,574.00	$3,217.50
8-Oxo deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo dG)	26-6434	$355.00	$355.00	$461.50	$692.25	$3,692.00	$4,615.00
Amino C6 U (RNA)	27-6422	$720.00	$720.00	$936.00	$1,404.00	$7,488.00	$9,360.00
Amino deoxyadenosine dA C6	26-6666	$225.50	$225.50	$293.15	$438.75	$2,345.20	$2,931.50
Amino doxycytosine dC C6	26-6670	$247.50	$247.50	$321.75	$482.62	$2,574.00	$3,217.50
Amino deoxythymidine dT C6	26-6438	$216.00	$216.00	$280.80	$421.20	$2,246.40	$2,808.00
Carboxy-deoxythymidine dT	26-6697	$216.00	$216.00	$280.80	$421.20	$2,246.40	$2,808.00
deaza G (7 deaza)	26-6656	$355.00	$355.00	$461.50	$692.25	$3,692.00	$4,615.00
deaza G (PPG) 7 deaza 8 aza dG	26-6654	$395.00	$395.00	$513.50	$770.25	$4,108.00	$5,135.00
deoxyguanosine dG	26-6400	$0.90	$2.00	$3.75	$6.25	$32.00	$38.00
dihydro dC (5-aza-5-6 DHC)	26-6893	$360.00	$360.00	$468.00	$702.00	$3,744.00	$4,680.00
dihydro dT (5-6 DHT)	26-6890	$234.00	$234.00	$304.20	$456.30	$2,433.60	$3,042.00
dihydro dU (5-6 DHU)	26-6683	$234.00	$234.00	$304.20	$456.30	$2,433.60	$3,042.00
EDTA-C2-dT	26-6703	$990.00	$990.00	$1,485.00	$4,811.00	$13,365.00	Inquire
etheno dexoyadenosine dA	26-6506	$236.25	$236.25	$325.75	$585.00	$2,126.25	Inquire
deoxyinosine dI	26-6403	$25.00	$25.00	$55.00	$110.00	Inquire	Inquire
Inverted dA (reverse linkage)	26-6551	$60.00	$60.00	$92.00	$140.00	$720.00	$1,080.00
Inverted dC (reverse linkage)	26-6552	$60.00	$60.00	$90.00	$140.00	$720.00	$1,080.00
Inverted dG (reverse linkage)	26-6553	$60.00	$60.00	$90.00	$140.00	$720.00	$1,080.00
Inverted dT (reverse linkage)	26-6554	$60.00	$60.00	$90.00	$140.00	$720.00	$1,080.00
Inverted rA (reverse linkage)	27-6441	$187.00	$187.00	$415.00	$686.00	Inquire	Inquire
Inverted rC (reverse linkage)	27-6442	$187.00	$187.00	$415.00	$686.00	Inquire	Inquire
Inverted rG (reverse linkage)	27-6443	$187.00	$187.00	$415.00	$686.00	Inquire	Inquire
Inverted rU (reverse linkage)	27-6444	$187.00	$187.00	$415.00	$686.00	Inquire	Inquire
iso deoxyguanosine dG	26-6514	$265.00	$265.00	$325.00	$425.00	Inquire	Inquire
O4 Methyl deoxythymine dT	26-6410	$250.00	$250.00	$300.00	Inquire	Inquire	Inquire
O6 Methyl deoxyguanosine dG	26-6409	$220.00	$220.00	$275.00	Inquire	Inquire	Inquire
pseudoiso dC (pidC)	26-6605	$610.00	$610.00	$825.00	Inquire	Inquire	Inquire
pseudoU-2'deoxy	26-6531	$510.00	$510.00	$615.00	$835.00	Inquire	Inquire
Thymidine Glycol	26-6487	$350.00	$350.00	$410.00	$615.00	Inquire	Inquire