Quick Order |All Online Ordering|Product Catalog Ordering|Oligo Modifications List|Product Info & Literature|Oligo Design Tools/Resources

5-formyl dC

5-formyl dC

Code : [5-for-dC]

Search Modifications Modified Oligos Quick Price Estimate
picture of 5-formyl dC

Modification : 5-formyl dC

Catalog Reference Number
Category
Modification Code
5 Prime
3 Prime
Internal
Molecular Weight (mw)
Extinction Coeficient (ec)
Technical Info (pdf)
Absorbance MAX
Emission MAX
Absorbance EC



26-6910
Epigenetics
[5-for-dC]
Y
Y
Y
317.19
7.4
PS26-6910.pdf
-
-
-


Catalog NoScalePrice
26-6910-0550 nmol$1,064.00
26-6910-02200 nmol$1,064.00
26-6910-011 umol$1,242.00
26-6910-032 umol$1,566.00
26-6910-065 umol$5,589.00
26-6910-1010 umol$5,728.00
26-6910-1515 umol$7,268.00
Discounts are available for 5-formyl dC!
Modification* Discount Price Structure
1 site/order List price
2 sites/order 10% discount
3 sites/order 20% discount
4 sites/order 30% discount
5-9 sites/order 50% discount
10+ sites/order 60% discount
*Exceptions apply

5-formyl deoxycytosine (5-f-dC) pairs with dG, but also is capable of mispairing with both dA and dT; in the latter case, at a level that is 3-4 times higher than either unmodified dC or 5-Me-dC (1). Consequently, 5-formyl-dC is highly mutagenic, capable of driving both C-to-T transitions and C-to-A transversions (1). However, current research interest in 5-formyl-dC is focused, not on its mutagenic properties, but rather on its potential role as an intermediate in a putative (active) oxidative demethylation pathway for conversion of 5-Me-dC to dC. Demethylation of 5-Me-dC is necessary for epigenetic control of gene expression in the cell, and plays a key role in cellular reprogramming, embryogenesis, establishment of maternal and paternal methylation patterns in the genome (2), and also in certain autoimmune disorders and cancer (3). Recent observations of the presence of 5-hydroxymethyl-dC (5hm-dC) in a variety of tissues, most notably neuronal cells (4,5), and the discovery of an enzymatic pathway for conversion of 5-Me-dC to 5hm-dC, mediated by the enzyme Tet1 (6), has spurred efforts to determine whether or not 5-hm-dC is then subsequently converted to dC through a 5-formyl-dC intermediate. In 2011, Ito and co-workers showed that Tet enzymes are able to convert 5hm-dC to 5-formyl-dC, and also observed the presence of 5-formyl-dC in mouse embryonic stem cells and various mouse organ tissues. Genomic content of both 5hm-dC and 5-formyl-dC can be modulated through overexpression or depletion of Tet proteins in these tissues (7). These experiments provide strong supporting evidence for DNA demethylation occurring via a Tet-mediated enzymatic pathway involving 5-formyl-dC as a key intermediate. 5-formyl-dC modified oligos can serve as important research tools for probing the DNA demethylation process.

References
1. Karino, N., Ueno, Y., Matsuda, A. Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing 5-formyl-2’-deoxycytidine: in vitro DNA polymerase reactions on DNA templates containing 5-formyl-2’-deoxycytidine. Nucleic Acids Res. (2001), 29: 2456-2463.
2. Sasaki, H., Matsui, Y. Epigenetic events in mammalian germ-cell development: reprogramming and beyond. Nat. Rev. Genet. (2008), 9: 129-140.
3. Richardson, B.C. Role of DNA methylation in the regulation of cell function: autoimmunity, aging and cancer. J. Nutr. (2002), 132(8 Suppl): 2401S-2405S.
4. Kriaucionis, S., Heintz, N. The nuclear base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in purkinje neurons and the brain. Science. (2009), 324: 929-930.
5. Globisch, D., Munzel, M., Muller, M., Michalakis, S., Wagner, M., Koch, S., Bruckl, T., Biel, M., Carell, T. Tissue Distribution of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Search for Active Demethylation Intermediates. PLoS One (2010), 5: e15367.
6. Tahiliani, M., Koh, K.P., Shen, Y.H., Pastor, W.A., Bandukwala, H., Brudno, Y., Agarwal, S., Iyer, L.M., Liu, D.R., Aravind, L., Rao, A. Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1. Science. (2009), 324: 930-935.
7. Ito, S., Shen, L., Dai, Q., Wu, S.C., Collins, L.B., Swenberg, J.A., He, C., Zhang, Y. Tet Proteins Can Convert 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Formylcytosine and 5-Carboxylcytosine. Science (2011), 333: 1300-1303.
- 5-formyl dC

Oligonucleotide Synthesis |  Flourescent Molecular Probes |  Gene Detection Systems |  Tools & Reagents |  Gene Assays |  RNAi
© 2024 Gene Link |  Terms & Conditions |  Licenses |  Privacy Policy |  October 11, 2024 4:36:10 PM